Vernadite is a manganese iron calcium hydroxide, typically black. It was approved as a distinct mineral species in 1944. It was first described from the Kusimovskoye manganese deposit, Southern Ural Mountains, Russia.
Is this vernadite?
5-step field checkRun through these checks against the specimen in your hand. The more boxes tick, the more confident the ID.
- 1Test the hardnessTry to scratch vernadite with a known reference. Vernadite sits at Mohs 1-2, softer than the next harder reference, harder than the previous one.
- 2Check the streakDrag the specimen across an unglazed porcelain plate. Vernadite leaves a black streak.
- 3Read the lusterHold the specimen under a strong light. Vernadite typically shows a dull luster.
- 4Match the color rangeCompare against the expected color range: black.
- 5Look at form & habitCrystal system: hexagonal. Typical habit: massive, earthy, powdery, botryoidal, or crusts.
Often confused with
Vernadite vs. its common look-alikes, and how to tell them apart in the field.
How to tell apart: Pyrolusite is the harder of the two (Mohs 6-6.5 vs. 1-2); luster reads dull on Vernadite and metallic on Pyrolusite.
How to tell apart: Manganite is the harder of the two (Mohs 4 vs. 1-2); streak differs, so Vernadite leaves black, Manganite leaves dark reddish-brown; luster reads dull on Vernadite and submetallic on Manganite.
How to tell apart: Romanèchite is the harder of the two (Mohs 5-6 vs. 1-2); streak differs, so Vernadite leaves black, Romanèchite leaves shiny brownish black; luster reads dull on Vernadite and submetallic to dull on Romanèchite.
Often found alongside vernadite
Minerals reported to co-occur with vernadite. Spotting these in float or country rock is a strong cue you are in the right ground.
All properties
- Chemical formula
- (Mn,Fe,Ca,Na)(O,OH)₂·nH₂O
- Mohs hardness
- 1-2
- Density
- 2.9-3.0 g/cm³
- Colors
- Streak
- Black
- Luster
- Dull
- Transparency
- Opaque
- Crystal system
- Hexagonal
- Crystal habit
- Massive, Earthy, Powdery, Botryoidal, Or Crusts
- Cleavage
- None
- Rarity
- Common
- Uses
- Collector
- Host rock
- Sedimentary Manganese Deposits and Deep-sea Environments
Where rockhounds find vernadite
Classic worldwide localities
- Kusimovskoye manganese deposit, Southern Ural Mountains, Russia
- Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia
- Ocean-floor manganese nodules
Field-hunting tip
Look in sedimentary manganese deposits and deep-sea environments country, the host setting where vernadite typically forms. If you start seeing pyrolusite, goethite, manganite in float, you are in the right ground. Field specimens usually show a massive, earthy, powdery, botryoidal, or crusts habit, so train your eye for that shape before scanning the outcrop.
Common questions
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Find vernadite on the map
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